When Gambling Becomes a Problem
Gambling is the wagering of something of value (money, goods, or services) on an event with a random outcome. People gamble for the potential of winning and often experience pleasure in doing so. However, for some individuals, gambling becomes a serious problem that requires help and treatment. The most important factor in determining whether gambling becomes problematic is the person’s motivation and whether there are other factors that influence their behavior, such as family or friends with problems, substance abuse, mental health disorders, or mood states.
Most adults and adolescents gamble without a problem, and most of those who develop a gambling disorder do so later in life. Compulsive gambling can cause distress, problems with work or school, and damaged relationships. In addition, the cost of gambling can lead to financial difficulties and other legal issues.
A person who has a gambling problem may exhibit any or all of the following symptoms:
Makes repeated unsuccessful attempts to control, cut back or stop gambling. Continues to gamble despite losses. Feels the urge to gamble even when faced with negative consequences, such as feeling hopeless, guilty or depressed. Becomes preoccupied with gambling, and tries to ignore or hide it from others. Gambles for longer periods of time and higher amounts of money. Thinks that he or she is due for a big win, and may lie to family members, employers, and colleagues about the extent of his or her involvement with gambling. Has made a substantial financial loss and has jeopardized a relationship, job, educational or career opportunity because of gambling. Relies on others to provide funds for gambling or other necessities, and feels helpless or guilty about his or her gambling problem.
Research shows that the underlying factors that contribute to pathological gambling are similar to those of other impulse-control disorders, such as substance use and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. It is also known that a relapse is more likely to occur in those with these impulsive disorders.
Researchers have also found that gambling problems are more common in men than in women, and younger people tend to start gambling earlier and be more likely to develop a gambling disorder. Other risk factors include a history of depression or stress, and having family members who have a gambling disorder.
Several types of treatments are available to help someone with a gambling problem. Therapy can help change unhealthy gambling behaviors and thoughts, and teach coping skills that will last a lifetime. It can also address underlying mood disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder, which are sometimes associated with problem gambling. Medications, such as antidepressants or mood stabilizers, can also be helpful. Lastly, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can teach the person healthier ways to relieve unpleasant feelings and cope with boredom, such as exercising, spending time with non-gambling friends, or practicing relaxation techniques. Having a solid support system, limiting access to money and credit cards, avoiding websites that promote gambling, and establishing new hobbies can also be very helpful.